Paracetamol is one of the most commonly used over-the-counter medications worldwide, commonly found in households. It is widely used for pain and reducing fever for both children and adults. It is also suitable for various conditions such as headaches, muscle aches, toothaches, and fevers associated with illnesses like the common cold or flu.

However, while generally considered safe when used as directed, there are potential effects of paracetamol on health that individuals should be aware of.

Paracetamol bad for liver, and immunity
Paracetamol is known to be toxic to the liver in high doses or when taken over an extended period beyond recommended levels. It can lead to liver failure, which can be life-threatening. Liver damage from paracetamol overdose is a well-documented issue.
Liver damage due to paracetamol doesn’t stem directly from the paracetamol itself, but rather from a substance it transforms into in the body, known as N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI).
NAPQI reduces the liver’s levels of glutathione, an essential antioxidant produced naturally by the body.  Glutathione serves as a protective barrier against highly reactive free radicals, aids in detoxifying harmful substances in the liver, and supports the immune system. Consequently, when NAPQI decreases glutathione levels, it compromises the liver’s ability to defend itself, leading to potential damage. According to a Nature study, the number of acute liver injuries tied to paracetamol— fell after a US mandate to limit pills’ active ingredients.
There are studies suggesting that prolonged and excessive use of paracetamol could have detrimental effects on the liver. 

Health on Air interviewed Dr Lairenjam Shanti, MBBS, MS in Obstetrics/Gynecology at the Government District Hospital in Thoubal, Manipur, and Dr Ajeet Pal Singh, MBBS, MD, PGDFM, (CMC, Vellore), for insights into paracetamol precautions. A summary of dos and dos as prescribed by them:

– Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and occasional rashes due to mild gastritis.
– High doses (>150 mg/kg or >10 grams in adults) can lead to acute paracetamol poisoning.
– Long-term use may cause analgesic neuropathy, and nerve damage from prolonged pain reliever use.
– Those with liver or kidney issues should use lower dosages.
– Rarely, serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) can occur.
– Inform your doctor of any allergies or liver/kidney problems before taking.
– Paracetamol is safe in pregnancy and for children, taken 3-4 times daily after meals. But do not consume without consulting a doctor.
– Do not exceed 8 tablets in 24 hours.

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